5 SKÄL ATT BEVARA REGNSKOGEN / 5 REASONS TO PRESERVE RAINFORESTS
Kategori: Allmänt
Föreningen Rädda Regnskog får en del frågor om att klimatkompensera koldioxidutsläpp genom att köpa regnskog av föreningen. Forskning visar att det är mycket svårt att beräkna hur mycket en viss areal skog motsvarar i form av koldioxid. Föreningen anser därför att skydd av regnskog visserligen är en bra form av klimatkompensation, men vi kan inte bidra med ”konverteringar” av koldioxidutsläpp till regnskogsareal. Vi anser också att den som vill minimera sin klimatpåverkan gör bäst i att minska sina egna utsläpp på hemmaplan.
För människor som bor i regnskogen är dess roll som apotek mer direkt – de använder de växter som finns i närheten helt enkelt. Forskning har visat att urbefolkningar kan ha kunskap om och använda över 1000 olika växtarter. I u-länderna har man uppskattat att 80% av befolkningen är beroende av folkmedicinska kurer vid olika sjukdomstillstånd och att 85% av kurerna baseras på växter. Människorna i Cambugánskogen har en dagsresa till läkare och apotek. Mediciner är också dyra. Därför är skogens mångfald, och kunskap om den, livsnödvändig.
- De rymmer massor av olika arter - biologisk mångfald - som ger oss mat, mediciner och utgör grunden för övriga tjänster.
- De fungerar som översvämningsskydd, genom att likt jättelika tvättsvampar dra åt sig vatten från de tropiska regnen som de sen släpper ifrån sig successivt genom floder och vattendrag. När skogen är borta kommer vattnet istället ojämnt under året, vilket resulterar i översvämningar under regntid och torka under torrtid.
- De renar vattnet som passerar genom dem. En tredjedel av världens 105 största städer är beroende av skogklädda avrinningsområden för att invånarna ska ha rent vatten .
- De skyddar marken från erosion. Många ton matjord rinner ut i floder och hav varje år från avskogade områden, med förskräckliga konsekvenser för jordbruket. Jorden hamnar i floder och hav där den orsakar grumling som bland annat förstör vattenekosystemen (exempelvis korallrev) och därmed fisket.
1. The web of life - Rain forest and biodiversity
Rain forest covers about seven percent of the world's land area, but is believed to be home to well over half the world's species. You do not really know, simply because we do not have a clue how many species of living organisms exist on earth. Probably we have not even name one tenth of them. Most are insects! Of the vascular plants, one of the groups of organisms we know best, are 70% of the species in the tropical forests . As an example, in Ecuador, scientists have found 245 species of trees on one hectare (100 x 100 meters). Throughout Sweden there are only some 40 indigenous tree species! Plant and animal species are interdependent in complex interactions, and there are those that give us the ecological services that you can read about below. Without biodiversity does not ecosystems. When rainforest disappears extinct species forever, and we can not know what the consequences are.
2nd Carbon stock - Rainforest and Climate
It is impossible to say what climate change will mean for the world's rainforests, but their relatively poor ability to adapt to changing circumstances means that they can be in trouble. The rain forest is influenced by climate, but it also affects. Today climate change is primarily caused by human emissions of carbon dioxide. A rain forest is like a large carbon reservoir: carbon is sequestered in the trunks and leaves, in all living organisms in the soil. If you cut down rainforest to be converted this carbon to carbon dioxide and end up in the atmosphere, where it contributes to climate change. When deforested land is lost thus its check grande ability. UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) estimates that more than a quarter of the carbon emissions due to deforestation, mainly in the tropics.
Association Save the Rainforest get some questions about carbon offsetting carbon emissions by buying rainforest of the compound. Research shows that it is very difficult to calculate how much a particular area of forest equivalent in the form of carbon dioxide. The association believes that the protection of the rainforest is indeed a good form of carbon offsetting, but we can not help with "conversions" of carbon to the rain forest area. We also believe that those who want to minimize their carbon footprint would do best to cut their own emissions at home.
3rd pharmacy rainforest
Many of the medications we use originates from plants, it is estimated that over 40 percent of all medicines have active ingredients based on substances in the plant kingdom. Our usual sallow such as containing the substance acetylsalicylic acid used in many pain pills, as the Treo. Now manufactured aspirin chemically, but we had not had the recipe but sallow! It found all the time new species that can be used medically, mainly in the tropics where biodiversity is greatest. Maybe there are cures for serious illnesses out there somewhere, you just have to find them before the species is extinct ...
For people living in the rainforest is its role as a pharmacy more direct - they use the plants around quite easily. Research has shown that indigenous peoples may have knowledge of and use over 1,000 different plant species. In developing countries, it has been estimated that 80% of the population is dependent on international medical cures for various conditions and that 85% of regimens based on plants. The people in Cambugánskogen have a day trip to the doctor and pharmacy. Medications are also expensive. Therefore, forest diversity, and knowledge of which is essential.
4. Pantry - Rainforests and raw materials
Many of the foods we use are originally taken from the rainforest. Coffee, bananas, Brazil nuts, pineapple, avocado and cocoa are just a few examples. Just as the drugs used rainforest ingredients more directly by local populations. One of the primary food for rainforest people are actually fishing waters from the forest, which is an important source of protein. Indigenous communities know and use many more plant species than we have names - just a few of rainforest species that are suitable for large-scale cultivation and export. Studies of Quichuafolket in Ecuador has shown that they have different uses for virtually all tree species - as building materials, medicines, firewood, and food.
5th Ecosystem services - forest, water and soil
When rainforests are cut down occurs often unexpected consequences such as flooding or soil erosion. When the forest disappears, it can no longer deliver ecosystem services to society. Ecosystem services are benefits our human communities receive from ecosystems, usually for free. Forests provide many important ecosystem services:
- They hold lots of different species - biodiversity - that gives us food, medicines, and provides the basis for other services.
- They serve as flood protection, by like giant sponges soak up water from the tropical rains which they then emit progressively through rivers and streams. When the forest is gone, the water rather unevenly during the year, resulting in floods during the rainy season and drought during the dry season.
- They purify the water that passes through them. One third of the world's 105 largest cities are dependent on forested watersheds for the residents to have clean water.
- They protect the soil from erosion. Many tons of topsoil flows into rivers and oceans every year from deforested areas, with dire consequences for agriculture. Earth ends up in rivers and oceans where it causes clouding including destroys aquatic ecosystems (eg coral reefs), and thus the fishery.
There is no market for ecosystem services, and therefore they are rarely included in the calculation when deciding whether logging or alternative land use. This despite the fact that many studies show that forests are often more valuable to its environment than lumber. A Chinese study showed that the timber value of a forest, on the Yangtze River was 10% of the value of forests as flood protection. An estimate of the value of ecosystem services showed a global network of nature reserves would cost about 45 billion dollars annually. But the ecological services provided by such a network would be worth between 4400 and 5200 billion dollars, or 100 times as much!